Sur

Sur means "over", "above", "upon", and in many languages means "super".

Gene

Gene is a very complex concept in biology.

Preservation of integrity of genes as carriers of genetic information always has been one of most important problems of living organisms. Several different approaches have been started simulteneously leading to development of elaborate mechanisms which succeded in the truly Tantalus' task in not only maitaining but also in evolving functionality of genomes despite of extreme perturbations (disruptions and/or fusions) to which ancient genes were subjected.

As a result of this evoution modern genes despite of all past "tectonics" retained their cohesivenes as units of inheritance and as main players in programmed development and survival of an organism. However, definition of a gene as an entity became extremely difficult to pinpoint because aforementioned genes' cohesivenes is so elusive in its complexity that in some instances it can be perceived as borderline imaginary.

Taking into account of all that was said above and in attached references one of possible definitions of genes is as following: genes are finite stretches of single-stranded polynucleotide sequences within single-stranded or double-stranded DNA or RNA molecules which, in their turn, collectively constitute a given genome.

References

• Gerstein MB et al. What is a gene, post-ENCODE? History and updated definition. Genome Res. 2007 Jun;17(6):669-81. PMID: 17567988
• Scherrer K, Jost J. Gene and genon concept: coding versus regulation. A conceptual and information-theoretic analysis of genetic storage and expression in the light of modern molecular biology. Theory Biosci. 2007 Oct;126(2-3):65-113. Epub 2007 Sep 22. PMID: 18087760